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THE RONDA MOUNTAIN
RANGE the perculiar giant
MAJESTIC
MOUNTAINS, FERTILE VALLEYS, NARROW CAVES, SURGING RIVERS,
SILENT WHITE VILLAGES... THIS VAST TERRITORY IS SO DIVERSE
THAT ITS CHRACTER IS COMPLETELY UNDEFINABLE.
The
Ronda mountain range, strategically located in the heart of
Andalusia, extends over 1536 km2 and affords shelter to more
than twenty white villages of the province of Málaga.
As far as topography is concerned, the Serranía (range)
is an enormous meseta over 700 metres above sea level, with
some peaks rising to over 1500 metres. There fertile valleys
shape the geography and life in this region: Guadalteba, Guadiaro
and Genal.
Because of its vast wealth and diversity, a large part of
its territory is protected. The Sierra de la Nieves, Los Alcornocales
and Grazalema National Parks are the largest ones. Priceless
ecological treasures, like the Blue Spanish Fir, the Golden
Eagle and Tawny Vulture still survive here.
The Serranía also has an inestimable historical and
cultural legacy. A vast cultural heritage including primitive
caves, castles, belltowers, palaces, Moorish baths and roman
theatres. To enter the Serranía de Ronda is to encounter
life, history, monuments, ecology, good food and even legend
in one harmonious whole.
Part of this heritage lies in its villages: Algatocín,
Alpandeire, Arriate, Atajate, Benadalid, Benalauría,
Benaoján, Benarrabá, Cortes de la Frontera,
Cartajima, Faraján, Gaucín, Genalguacil, Igualeja,
Jimera de Libar, Jubrique, Júzcar, Montejaque, Parauta,
Pujerra and, of course, Ronda.
Sierra
de las Nieves
This is one of the most interesting National Parks in Spain,
with a fascinating 16000 hectares that has been given the
status of Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. It appears the name
comes from the process of cutting and burying snow, carried
out by "neveros" who later sold it.
This means, of earning a living, which disappeared in 1931,
was once an important source of income fot the region.
This tertiary period coniferous forest harbours the Blue Spanish
Fir, undoubtedly its greatest treasure. The most extraordinary
fir tree in the world is a living fossil that has survived
through to our era after millions or years of hard battles.
One of these has lately been against man, who often seems
bent on its extinction.
Its high-mountain, Mediterranean climate, favours great botanic
diversity. Junipers, furze, barberry, rooted vines, whitebeam,
yew, ash, cork, gall oak, all take root here. All of this
crestes an enormous, comfortable habitat for mountain goats,
golden eagles, wild boar, otters and trout. Another feature
of Las Nieves is the ruggedness of its terrain, punctuated
by deep gullies, ravines and gorges and the third-deepest
chasm in the world.
Los
Alcornocales
Los Alcornocales National Park contains the greater part of
a set of mountains of abrupt relief ans steep slopes which
have a suface ares of about 170000 hectares. Of these, 119000
grow cork trees. Cork extraction is the basis of the economy
in some of its villages. It is estimated that 26000 tonnes
of raw cork are produced in the area every year. Cork extraction
takes place from June to mid.August.
There is, however, one type of vegetation, the only instance
of its kind in Europe, which better defines Los Alcornocales.
This is the "canutos", the peculiar river-bank woodland
found here around the narrowest channels and headwaters of
streams.
Grazalema
On this incredible 52000 hectares mountain, the rain falls
heavily with an almost monsoon force. This explains its rugged
relief, decorated with canyons, caves, gorges, valleys, cornices
and banks. Its impervious resistance is the reason for this
ultra-slow geographic violence.
Millions of years of perseverant attrition has created a rich
habitat, an almost unbelievably safe refuge (considering its
closeness to man) for animals and plants. Grazalema, the result
of the last westward thrashings of the Cordillera Bética
(mountain range), is one of the few pieces of untouched woodland
left in Spain. For a long time, Grazalema was a real physical
and sentimental landmark for Spanish sailors as it was the
last point of their homeland they could make out as they sailed
to America, and the first land to be sighted on their return.
At night, out on the first lights, twinkling among the mountains.
Each village acted as a tiny lighthouse to bring them home.